(1) Any participant or portrayed observer in a visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct or his or her parent or legal guardian who suffered or continues to suffer personal or psychological injury as a result of such participation or portrayed observation may bring a civil action against any person who knowingly and willfully (a) created, distributed, or actively acquired such visual depiction while in this state or (b) aided or assisted with the creation, distribution, or active acquisition of such visual depiction while such person or the person aided or assisted was in this state.

(2) A plaintiff who prevails in a civil action brought pursuant to the Exploited Children's Civil Remedy Act may recover his or her actual damages, which are deemed to be a minimum of one hundred fifty thousand dollars, plus any and all attorney's fees and costs reasonably associated with the civil action. In addition to all other remedies available under the act, the court may also award temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief as the court deems necessary and appropriate.

(3) This section does not create a cause of action if the participant was sixteen years of age or older at the time the visual depiction was created and the participant willfully and voluntarily participated in the creation of the visual depiction.

(4) No law enforcement officer engaged in his or her law enforcement duties, governmental entity, provider of interactive computer service, provider of telecommunications service, or cable operator is subject to a civil action under the Exploited Children's Civil Remedy Act.