(1) Affiliate means a person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another person or is a senior executive thereof. For purposes of subdivision (5) of this section, a person is deemed to be an affiliate of its senior executives.

(2) Corporation means the issuer of the shares held by a shareholder demanding appraisal and, for matters covered in sections 21-2,176 to 21-2,182, includes the surviving entity in a merger.

(i) Immediately before the effectuation of the corporate action to which the shareholder objects;

(ii) Using customary and current valuation concepts and techniques generally employed for similar businesses in the context of the transaction requiring appraisal; and

(iii) Without discounting for lack of marketability or minority status except, if appropriate, for amendments to the articles pursuant to subdivision (a)(5) of section 21-2,172.

(4) Interest means interest from the effective date of the corporate action until the date of payment at the rate of interest specified in section 45-104, as such rate may from time to time be adjusted by the Legislature.

(5) Interested transaction means a corporate action described in subsection (a) of section 21-2,172, other than a merger pursuant to section 21-2,165, involving an interested person in which any of the shares or assets of the corporation are being acquired or converted. As used in this definition:

(i) Interested person means a person or an affiliate of a person who at any time during the one-year period immediately preceding approval by the board of directors of the corporate action:

(A) Was the beneficial owner of twenty percent or more of the voting power of the corporation, other than as owner of excluded shares;

(B) Had the power, contractually or otherwise, other than as owner of excluded shares, to cause the appointment or election of twenty-five percent or more of the directors to the board of directors of the corporation; or

(C) Was a senior executive or director of the corporation or a senior executive of any affiliate thereof and that senior executive or director will receive, as a result of the corporate action, a financial benefit not generally available to other shareholders as such, other than:

(I) Employment, consulting, retirement, or similar benefits established separately and not as part of or in contemplation of the corporate action;

(II) Employment, consulting, retirement, or similar benefits established in contemplation of or as part of the corporate action that are not more favorable than those existing before the corporate action or, if more favorable, that have been approved on behalf of the corporation in the same manner as is provided in section 21-2,122; or

(III) In the case of a director of the corporation who will, in the corporate action, become a director of the acquiring entity in the corporate action or one of its affiliates, rights and benefits as a director that are provided on the same basis as those afforded by the acquiring entity generally to other directors of such entity or such affiliate;

(ii) Beneficial owner means any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, or understanding, other than a revocable proxy, has or shares the power to vote or to direct the voting of shares; except that a member of a national securities exchange is not deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities held directly or indirectly by it on behalf of another person solely because the member is the record holder of the securities if the member is precluded by the rules of the exchange from voting without instruction on contested matters or matters that may affect substantially the rights or privileges of the holders of the securities to be voted. When two or more persons agree to act together for the purpose of voting their shares of the corporation, each member of the group formed thereby is deemed to have acquired beneficial ownership, as of the date of the agreement, of all voting shares of the corporation beneficially owned by any member of the group; and

(iii) Excluded shares means shares acquired pursuant to an offer for all shares having voting power if the offer was made within one year prior to the corporate action for consideration of the same kind and of a value equal to or less than that paid in connection with the corporate action.

(6) Preferred shares means a class or series of shares whose holders have preference over any other class or series with respect to distributions.

(7) Senior executive means the chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and anyone in charge of a principal business unit or function.

(8) Shareholder means a record shareholder, a beneficial shareholder, and a voting trust beneficial owner.

Annotations

The determination of fair value for purposes of an elect-to-purchase action under part 14 shall be defined using the definition of fair value, in its entirety, as provided within part 13 at subdivision (3) of this section, which precludes the use of discounting for lack of marketability or minority status. Bohac v. Benes Service Co., 310 Neb. 722, 969 N.W.2d 103 (2022).