1972
- LB1241 - Exempted one-eighth of the value of business and
farm inventories, livestock, and farm machinery beginning in 1973
and one-eighth of the value each year thereafter for four years.
By 1977 such property was valued and taxed at three-eighths of
its actual value. The state replaced all of the money lost to
all local governments due to the exemption based on the remaining
valuation.
1977
- LB 518 - Exempted the remaining three eighths of the value of
business and farm inventories, livestock and farm machinery over
the succeeding three years. For 1978, 100% of farm inventories
and farm machinery was exempt, in 1979, 100% of business inventories
was exempt and in 1980, livestock was exempt. At first, the state
replaced the lost income based on the assessments of such property
in 1977, but after the Nebraska Supreme Court struck down this
distribution as constituting a permanently closed class, violative
of the Special Legislation Clause, a change was made in 1982.
The total amount reimbursed was $82.6 million and about $45 million
was for schools which included reimbursement for the loss of intangible
property and household goods. It was distributed per student enrolled
in the school.
1986
- LB 662 - Called for the merger or affiliation of all Class
I districts by September 1, 1989 and increased the sales tax rate
by one percent for the purpose of limiting property tax support
of K 12 schools to no more than 45% of total costs. LB 662 was
referred to the ballot by petition and repealed by the voters
in the November 1986 election.
1988
- LB 1091 - Created a fund to reimburse local governments
for any losses attributable to the railroad 4R Act litigation
that exceeded one percent of expected property tax dollars. After
line item vetoes and partial overrides, the amount appropriated
to the fund from the Cash Reserve Fund totaled $7.7 million.
1990
- LB 1059 increased the sales tax rate from 4% to 5% and the
income tax rates by 8 1/2% for 1990 and an additional 8 ½% for
1991 to fund the Tax Equity and Educational Support Act. This
landmark school finance legislation dramatically increased state
aid distributed to schools in an "equalized" manner.
The $100 million per student distribution was eliminated and added
to $210 million of new money generated by the tax increases.
School
costs were calculated per student within nine "tiers"
or groups of similarly-sized schools and the formula enabled
each school district to finance the average cost per student
for the tier with a combination of state aid and property taxes
at a defined "local effort rate". The rate varied
based on the amount of appropriation available. LB 1059 also
"rebated" 20% of the income tax paid by residents
of the district to the district. The informal practice until
LB 806 changed the state aid policy was to appropriate the original
$100 million plus all revenue attributed to the increases in
the sales and income tax rates to state aid distributed under
TEEOSA.
1996
- LB 1114 - Imposed levy limits on all local governments to
limit the total property tax rate (excluding exceptions) to $2.24
per $100 of taxable value beginning in 1998 and $2.13 when fully
implemented in 2001. The levy limits for schools were $1.10 per
$100 of taxable value from 1998 through 2000 and $1.00 per $100
beginning in 2001. Exceptions were for bonded debt, grandfathered
building fund projects for schools, grandfathered capital lease
purchases, and voted overrides. Another crucial change was the
concept of allocated levies, wherein counties were responsible
for allocating levy authority to dozens of small, miscellaneous
governments within the 45 cent limit of the county.
LB
1050 - Revised the school aid formula to (1) limit the amount
of income tax rebate to $102 million and pay net option student
support from the rebate amount, (2) change the distribution
of Insurance Premium Tax dollars from a per student distribution
to including the proceeds as part of the equalization aid program,
and (3) created a financial incentive for schools that consolidate.
1997
- LB 271 - Eliminated the property tax on motor vehicles and
replaced it with a uniform, statewide tax and fee system. The
fee is a nominal amount, generally between $5 and $30 and the
proceeds are distributed to cities and counties based on the distribution
of Highway Trust Fund dollars. The motor vehicle tax is determined
from a table that begins with a higher initial tax as MSRP of
the vehicle when new increases and declines with the age of the
motor vehicle itself. The schedule was designed seeking a reduction
in taxes on motor vehicles of about $15 million from the previous
year property tax amounts but the actual proceeds turned out to
be $30 million less. The money was originally distributed to all
local governments in proportion to their relative levies.
LB
806 - Revised the school aid formula by eliminating the tiers
created in LB 1059 (1990) and providing for only three cost
groupings, sparse, very sparse, and standard. Nearly all schools
are in the standard cost grouping. The bill also provided for
allocation or calculation of the budget for Class I schools
that are part of a Class VI system or are affiliated with another
K-12 district, thus integrating the levy of each "system"
into the levy limits of LB 1114 (1996). Finally, the bill increased
the appropriation for school aid by $110 million.
1998
- LR 45 CA placed four separate constitutional amendments
on the 1998 general election ballot as follows: (1) strike the
requirement that motor vehicle taxes be distributed to local governments
in proportion to property taxes levied, (2) provide for the merger
or consolidation of cities and counties, (3) limit the property
tax exemption for government property to property used for a public
purpose, and (4) strike all references to townships in the Constitution.
The first three amendments succeeded while the fourth failed.
1999
- LB 142 - Implemented part of LR 45 CA by providing that
the proceeds from the motor vehicle tax be distributed 60% to
the school where the vehicle is registered, 22% to the county
and 18% to the city except in Douglas County where the city-county
shares are reversed.
LB
881 - Used the Cash Reserve Fund to provide for specific property
tax relief programs. For 1999, $30 million was distributed to
Community Colleges based on valuation. For 2000, $35 million
(later reduced to $25 million) was used for a direct credit
against real estate taxes. The $30 million additional distribution
to Community Colleges was also repeated in 2000 using General
Funds. Finally, in 2001, $35 million was transferred to the
General Fund to help finance the additional school aid needed
to fund the reduction in the levy limit for schools from $1.10
per $100 of taxable value to $1.00.
2002
- LB 898 - Reduced school aid by $22 million for fiscal years
2002-03 through 2004-05 by reducing needs from that calculated
by the formula by 1.25%. Schools were allowed a levy exception
equal to the state aid reduction.
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